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{"id":39437,"date":"2018-11-26T14:27:04","date_gmt":"2018-11-26T20:27:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/occasionalplanet.org\/?p=39437"},"modified":"2018-11-27T09:06:13","modified_gmt":"2018-11-27T15:06:13","slug":"curbside-composting-convenient-eco-friendly-but-will-it-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/occasionalplanet.org\/2018\/11\/26\/curbside-composting-convenient-eco-friendly-but-will-it-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Curbside composting: Convenient, eco-friendly, but will it work?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Too lazy to compost? Yeah, me too. But with an emerging service, known as curbside food-waste pickup, people like us can feel less guilty and do some good, without doing much extra work.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s not available everywhere\u2014yet\u2014but some startup experiments and ongoing, city-funded programs may be demonstrating both the planet-friendly value of food-waste pickup and its workability.<\/p>\n

Last week, in a suburban subdivision not very far away from mine, a waste hauler began offering free, curbside food-waste pickup as a pilot program. Homeowners who sign up receive a bright yellow bin in which to place food and yard waste. Republic Services will pick up the waste once a week and take it Total Organics Recycling, which also makes compost out of waste from restaurants, hospitals and local colleges.<\/p>\n

Our area is a bit late to the composting party. People more enlightened than me have been composting yard and food waste for years, to fertilize their vegetable gardens, upgrade their flower gardens, or to nourish their lawns. But they are not in the majority: According recent studies, most household food waste goes from the kitchen to the garbage can and then to the landfill. Americans throw away an estimated 25% of the food we buy. And those compostable organics represent over 37% of residential waste, which is now the single largest component of what is thrown away in many landfills.<\/p>\n

So what? It\u2019s just garbage, right?<\/h3>\n

Actually, it\u2019s much more. According to a recent report,<\/p>\n

\u2026when compostable materials break down in the landfill, they become powerful contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. They decompose without oxygen, in a landfill, producing methane, which is a major contributor to global warming.<\/p>\n

In fact, landfills account for 34 percent of all methane emissions in the U.S. In addition to the production of methane, landfill contaminates soil, ground water, and pollutes debris in surrounding areas.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

It\u2019s a start<\/h3>\n

So, composting makes sense. But until recently, it was an individual household preference, quite prevalent in rural areas, but not very popular in cities. Starting around 2005, some areas began offering centralized food-waste disposal centers, where residents could drop off their compostable stuff. [New York City has been operating drop-off sites at more than 50 farmers markets for a number of years. More recently, drop-off locations were opened at subway stations, public libraries and other heavily trafficked areas.]<\/p>\n

The drop-off centers have generally been successful in terms of local enthusiasm, but often on a scale too small to make a meaningful difference That\u2019s when some counties and solid-waste districts starting investigating government-funded food-waste pickups\u2014mostly motivated by a need to divert material from the shrinking space available for landfills, and to save money on trash collection\u2014but also as an ecologically responsible service that could have long-term benefits.<\/p>\n

Where are we now?<\/h3>\n

Government-supported food-waste collection is on the rise\u2014although it\u2019s far from standard operating procedure in most areas. In 2017, one nationwide study<\/a> found curbside programs in 20 states, offering 5.1 million households access to curbside collection, a growth of 2.4 million since the previous study in 2014.<\/p>\n

Drilling down a bit, the study reveals the variety of ways in which cities, counties and trash-collection districts conduct their food-waste pickup programs:<\/p>\n

\u2022 Some offer their programs as \u201cstandard,\u201d meaning organics collection is offered alongside trash and recycling, with no extra steps needed for residents to participate.
\n\u2022 \u201cOpt-in\u201d programs, require residents to sign up to receive food waste collection service.
\n\u2022 Mandatory programs, require all residents to participate. There are eight mandatory programs, half of which are in California.<\/p>\n

And, exactly what qualifies, in these programs, as compostable? The 2017 study found that:<\/p>\n

\u2022 All programs take fruit and vegetable scraps
\n\u2022 Over 90 percent accept meat, fish and dairy
\n\u2022 The majority take paper bags and uncoated, food-soiled paper [such as pizza boxes].
\n\u2022 Less than half accept compostable plastic products, such as compostable plastic bags, compostable plastic-coated paper products, and compostable plastic packaging and foodservice items
\n\u2022 Less than 25% of programs accept molded fiber containers
\n\u2022 About 7 percent take conventional plastic-coated paper<\/p>\n

How to make it work<\/h3>\n

Food-waste pickup sounds logical and responsible, but is it doable? A 2017 study by M.I.T.<\/a> looked at factors that push governments toward trying it out. The main incentive for starting a program, said the researchers, is being told that you have to do it. You need \u201can ambitious waste-diversion mandate at the state or county level.\u201d [Example: Connecticut has set a statewide goal of 60 percent waste diversion by 2024, which has motivated West Hartford to initiate a pilot program of food-waste pickup.]<\/p>\n

Obviously, it also helps\u2014a lot\u2014to have \u201ca nearby processing facility that can handle the area\u2019s food waste\u2026and a pre-existing infrastructure for collecting and processing yard waste.\u201d<\/p>\n

Once a city or county has decided to give curbside pickup a try, getting it off the ground requires getting your trash hauler to buy in. That\u2019s easier if your city or county already provides trash hauling or contracts with a single hauler, say the M.I.T. researchers. It\u2019s also important to appeal to a trash hauler\u2019s bottom line: They want efficiency\u2014”maximum tonnage collected with minimum distance traveled.\u201d So municipalities need to make it work for the trash hauler even before they can make it work for their residents and their own budgetary needs.<\/p>\n

What makes people participate or drop out? In a study of their pilot program, Milwaukee’s Department of Public Works reported:<\/p>\n