If you want to register to vote in Arizona, you\u2019d better bring along proof of citizenship. If you\u2019d like to register in Nevada, make sure that your name, address and Social Security number exactly match\u2014letter for letter, including middle initials\u2014the information in the state\u2019s other databases.<\/p>\n

These highly restrictive rules make voting more difficult than it should be, and they exemplify the kinds of obstacles revealed in \u201cVoting in 2010: 10 Swing States,\u201d<\/a> a report released on Sept. 17 by Demos and Common Cause. The report examines both obstacles to voting and exemplary practices in 10 states with hotly contested races in November.<\/p>\n

The stakes are high<\/strong><\/p>\n

The report explains it this way:<\/p>\n

The U.S. Senate and House of Representatives will be close in 2010. Potentially, party control of the Senate and House hangs in the balance; gubernatorial races will also be critical, with redistricting to begin shortly after the elections. These dynamics set the stage for election time mischief and attempts at suppression and manipulation of registration and voting rules, especially in close contests where a handful of votes could tip the balance. In other words, the laws and policies governing voting have the potential to be game changing.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

State by state<\/strong><\/p>\n

All of the featured states have problems, according to the report\u2019s standards. A few, however, manage to get kudos for innovations and compliance with the National Voting Registration Act [NVRA] passed in 1993. Here\u2019s an abbreviated rundown\u2014culled from the report\u2019s executive summary\u2014of some of the highs and lows, one swing state at a time.<\/p>\n

Arizona<\/strong><\/em>is the only state that requires proof of citizenship for voter registration. \u201cThis law was written and designed to have a disproportionate impact on naturalized citizens seeking to vote,\u201d says the report. \u201cIt has already prevented thousands of Arizonans from registering, and acts as a deterrent to\u2026other eligible voters.\u201d Arizona also permanently disenfranchises individuals with more than one felony conviction, but allows people with only one felony conviction to vote, a distinction that confuses even many voting officials.<\/p>\n

Colorado<\/strong><\/em> does not conduct any formal outreach for immigrant or language-minority voters, despite having more than 404,000 eligible Hispanic voters, 150,000 immigrant citizens and an electorate that is 12.2 percent Latino. The state also lacks any law directly banning dissemination of deceptive information, leaving the state open to the use of phony flyers as well as online dissemination of misinformation meant to disenfranchise voter.<\/p>\n

On the plus side, recent changes in Colorado election laws make it easier for voters to register even if their information is not an exact match with other state databases. Also, as of 2010, no voter\u2019s registration can be cancelled solely for failure to vote.<\/p>\n

Illinois<\/strong><\/em> requires voters who are \u201cchallenged\u201d at the polls have to show two forms of ID or have another voter testify to their eligibility. There are no clear guidelines for election officials as to when to allow a \u201cchallenged\u201d individual to vote. Making this situation worse is Illinois\u2019 rule that any voter in the state can be a designated challenger.<\/p>\n

The good news in Illinois is that voting rights are automatically restored to citizens when they are released from prison. Citizens on parole or probation are eligible to vote.\u00a0 In Cook County, an exemplary program reaches out to new citizens and people with limited proficiency in English.<\/p>\n

Kentucky<\/strong><\/em> stands out for its disenfranchisement of people with felony convictions. Under Kentucky law, nearly six percent of Kentucky\u2019s population\u2014and roughly 24 percent of its African American population\u2014cannot vote.\u00a0 Ex-felons can petition the governor for re-instatement, but this process puts the burden on the petitioner and severely limits real access to voting rights.<\/p>\n

To its credit, Kentucky has what the report calls \u201cthe most exemplary voter challenge law among the states under reviews.\u00a0 Only designated challengers and election officials who undergo specific training can challenge others\u2019 right to vote.\u201d<\/p>\n

Louisiana<\/strong><\/em> has experienced an 88 percent decline in the number of voter registrations obtained through public-assistance agencies since such registration programs were required\u2014one of the steepest drops in the nation.\u00a0 In addition, Louisiana\u2019s voter-challenger rules are very vague, and its voter-registration deadline is 30 days before the election, making it difficult for new voters to register. \u00a0After Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, an election-roll purge program removed 21,000 names from the statewide voter registration lists, when officials compared the names of Louisiana voters with those from other states. [Many names from the New Orleans area were later reinstated, but list maintenance is a problem to be watched, says the report.]<\/p>\n

Michigan<\/strong><\/em> recently settled a lawsuit over purges to its voter registration database, and agreed to reform its practices.\u00a0 At issue was a 2008 plan to challenge voters whose homes had been foreclosed. But Michigan is not out of the woods, yet, as challenges and \u201ccaging\u201d continue to be potential problems.<\/p>\n

The report also notes Michigan\u2019s poor track record in promoting voter registration at state-run public assistance agencies. \u00a0In addition, Michigan lacks a law specifically prohibiting deceptive practices, \u201cleaving voters vulnerable to dirty tricks and misinformation campaigns.\u201d The state\u2019s 30-days-in-advance registration deadline is also seen as a negative by the report.<\/p>\n

In the plus column, Michigan restores voting rights as soon as citizens are released from prison, and the Secretary of State\u2019s office makes a serious effort to make voter registration available at citizenship naturalization ceremonies.<\/p>\n

Missouri<\/strong><\/em> voters who do not bring the right ID to the polls on election day are barred from voting and can\u2019t get a provisional ballot.\u00a0 Also in Missouri, anyone can challenge another voter\u2019s eligibility, and voters who cast provisional ballots in the wrong precinct will have their votes disqualified. In addition, Missouri does not allow individuals who are on probation or parole for a felony to vote.<\/p>\n

The good news is that Missouri is the only state that has a law very directly addressing deceptive practices.<\/p>\n

Nevada<\/strong><\/em> uses an exact-match standard on voter registration databases, a procedure that can make it hard for some voters to cast a ballot. And despite the presence of 192,000 eligible Hispanic voters, the state has made no effort to reach out to encourage voter registration. \u00a0Its voter ID laws, however, are considered exemplary.<\/p>\n

North Carolina<\/strong><\/em> \u00a0is a good place to be a voter, says the report. \u00a0Voters can register right up until the end of the early voting period, which ends on the Saturday before the election. Plus, the state has a very strong law prohibiting misinformation campaigns designed to confuse voters.<\/p>\n

But the state gets lower grades for its challenge laws, which allow any registered voter to challenge the eligibility of a voter before the 25^{th<\/sup> day before an election. On election day, any individual registered voter can challenge anyone else at his or her precinct.\u00a0 Also, voting rights for citizens who have finished a prison sentence are not restored until after they have completed parole or probation.<\/p>\n}

Ohio<\/em><\/strong> is among the states with very early voter registration deadlines\u2014in this case, it\u2019s 30 days before the election.<\/p>\n

Its voter database has had chronic matching problems. In addition, Ohio has been an epicenter for misinformation campaigns conducted via email spam and robocalls, but the state has not enacted statutes to prevent these practices.<\/a><\/p>\n

To its credit, Ohio allows citizens who have finished their prison sentences to vote, and the report calls the state \u201cexemplary\u201d in its voter-registration outreach to newly naturalized citizens.<\/p>\n

What\u2019s the takeaway from this report? <\/strong><\/p>\n

While federal laws are in place to make voting more accessible and fair–and have been for quite a few years–an\u00a0\u00a0individual voter\u2019s experience still varies greatly, depending on where you live. I am continually amazed and disheartened by states\u2019 intransigence and unwillingness to enforce federal statutes for political reasons. In my mind, the disparities are further evidence of the problems with leaving decisions regarding democracy and fairness to the vagaries and whims of states and their politicians.<\/p>\n

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